pengantar sosiologi

ALEA 1102

 PENGANTAR SOSIOLOGI

pengenalan

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN:

•Mengenalpasti bidang pengajian Sosiologi; pendekatan-pendekatan teoritikal dalam memahami perubahan masyarakat. Memahami budaya dan organisasi secara holistik.

•Menunjukkan pendedahan tentang penyelidikan sosiologi.

•Menghurai data empirikal tentang masyarakat dan organisasi sosial untuk mencetus pemikiran kritikal mengenai isu-isu semasa dalam masyarakat.

•Membincang secara lebih mendalam mengenai isu ketaksamaan sosial yang wujud dalam masyarakat.

•Membina penghayatan terhadap kepelbagaian budaya dalam konteks multiculturalism.

  MI- Pengenalan Kursus   

    M2-Sosiologi: Perspektif, Perkembangan & sub-bidang

    M3-Teori, Pendekatan dan Penyelidikan dalam Sosiologi

    M4-Masyarakat dan Budaya 

    M5-Sosialisasi 

    M6-Organisasi dan Kumpulan    

    M7-‘Deviance’ (Penyimpangan) dan Kawalan 

    M8-Ketaksamaan Sosial 

    M9-Ekonomi dan perubahan 

    M10-Keluarga dan perubahan 

    M11-Kuasa dan Politik: Perspektif global   

     

    M12-Etnisiti  dan Ras

    M13-Perubahan Sosial 

   M14-Rumusan Kuliah  

Senarai Rujukan bagi Pengantar Sosiologi:

Pengarang  Tajuk 

Macionis, John (2014)  Introductory Sociology 

Henslin, James (2014)  Essentials of Sociology: A Down-  to-Earth Approach

Schaefer, R.(2006)  Sociology: A Brief Introduction 

Thio, Alex Sociology(2009)   Sociology: A Bried Introduction 

Giddens, A. (2006)  Sociology  

Sains Sosial cuba mengkaji dunia secara objektif. Dunia sosial manusia turut dikenali sebagai 'second nature.'

Sains sosial dibahagikan kepada bidang-bidang yang khusus berdasarkan ‘subject matter’ dan ‘particular focus’. 

Sosiologi dan Sains Sosial

Sains: ilmu pengetahuan yang diperolehi daripada kaedah pemerhatian yang sistematik

•Sains Tulen:                                                               

  Kajian ciri-ciri fizikal                                                     

  alam semulajadi dan

  cara ianya berinteraksi

  dan perubahan yang

  berlaku. 

Sains Sosial:

 Kajian tentang ciri-ciri

 manusia dan cara

 mereka berinteraksi

 dan perubahan yang

  berlaku

doing sosiology

• understanding
• analysis
• action 
• reflection

Sosiologi  didefinisikan sebagai “the scientific study of society and human social behaviour”. Ianya 

berasal daripada perkataan Greek iaitu logos, yang bermaksud "study of" dan juga socius, perkataan Latin yang bermaksud "being with others." 

Political science focuses on systems of decision-making and governance within a society, and their relation to other societal institutions. It considers the manner in which political structures emerge, and tackles topics such as patterns of voting.

Economics analyzes systems of trade, the organization and structure of the marketplace and issues of money and resources within a society. It deals with the production, distribution, and allocation of the material goods and services of a society.

Anthropology has attempted to understand human culture (a people's total way of life) and social relationships by focusing primarily on preliterate people, their origins, adaptation to the environment and the development of their civilizations.

Psychology concentrates on the internal processes that serve to motivate and shape the behaviour of the individual, such as cognition and memory.

Sociology shares many similarities with the other social sciences, but remains distinctive because it explores all social institutions in an integrated fashion. The discipline focuses on industrialized societies, and looks at the network of external factors and patterns that influence people's thoughts, motives, and behaviours within their social settings. 

BASIC INSIGHTS OF SOCIOLOGY:

-Who we are is affected by the groups we belong to.

- How social relationships influence people’s attitudes

  and behaviour.

- How we affect other individuals, groups and

  organizations.

- Interaction takes place in patterned ways.

-

Two questions:

1. Why do people behave the way they do?

2. Why are their social situations the way they are?

    (Coser et.al. 1994: 4)

SOCIOLOGY AND COMMON SENSE

•Sociologists do not accept something as fact

  because “everyone knows it”

•Findings are tested by researchers, analyzed

  in relation to other data, and evaluated with

  sociological theory

THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

ØThe sociological perspective helps us to see general

    social patterns in the behaviour of particular

    individuals

ØIt allows or forces us to look beyond the outer

   appearance of our social world and discover new

   levels of reality

ØIt also encourages us to realize that society guides

   our thoughts and deeds – to see the strange in the

   familiar

ØSociology also encourages us to see individuality in

   social context

THE SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION

ØThe sociological imagination provides the ability to see

    our private experiences and personal difficulties as

    entwined with the structural arrangements of our society

    and the time in which we live.

ØUnderstand social marginality, the state of being excluded

    from social activity as an ‘outsider’. People at the margins

    of social life are aware of social patterns that others rarely

    think about.

ØC.Wright Mills described sociological imagination as “ An

    awareness of the relationship between an individual and

    the wider society, and …the ability to view society as an

    outsider might, rather than relying only on our individual

    perspective, which is shaped by our cultural biases”.

BENEFITS OF THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

ØThe sociological perspective helps us assess the truth of “common sense”. The sociological perspective helps us assess both opportunities and constraints in our lives

ØThe sociological perspective empowers us to be active participants in our society

ØThe sociological perspective helps us to live in a diverse world. It also encourages us to realize that society guides our thoughts and deeds – to see the strange in the familiar

WHAT IS A VALID SOCIOLOGICAL TOPIC?

A. Sociologists research just about every area of

     human behaviour.

B. Sociologists study social interaction; no human

     behaviour is ineligible for research, whether it is

     routine or unusual, respectable or reprehensible

•Sociology of economy

•Sociology  of politic

•Sociology of religion

•Sociology of the family

•Urban sociology

•Rural sociology

•Sociology of law

•Sociology of medicines

•Sociology of linguistics

•Sociology of the industry

•Sociology of development

•Medical sociology

•Applied sociology

•Demography

•Deviance and criminology

•Social structures and institutions

•Social statistics

•Social research methods

•Human ecology

•Social Inequality

•Ethnic and Race relations etc….

In Conclusion, Sociologist Want To Know:

•Why people behave the way they do.

•Why they form groups.

•Why they go to work, war or create social problems.

•Why they worship, marry, vote and all such things

  that happen when people interact with one another

Humans:

Self aware, social and behaviour shaped by groups.

Society system of interaction:

Individuals, groups and and organization

Human being oriented towards one another:

Shared understanding, meaningful interaction

---

jUsT sHaRiNg

---